Rabu, 31 Mei 2017
10. Passive Voice, Causative Voice
Causative Form, Active and Passive
In English, the causative form is
used when we don't do someting ourselves, instead we arrange for someone else
to do it for us.
There are two kinds of causative
structure:
- Active Causative
- Passive Causative
A. Active Causative
Verbs that take active forms of
causative are Let, Make, Have, and Get
Let
Let is used when we want to allow
someone to do something.
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Pattern
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let
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agent
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verb
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Example:
She lets me borrow her book.
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explanation:
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let
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agent
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verb
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She
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lets
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me
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borrow
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her book.
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Make
Make is used when we want to force
someone to do something.
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Pattern
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make
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agent
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verb
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Example:
My mother makes me do my home work.
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explanation:
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make
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agent
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verb
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My mother
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makes
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me
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do
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my homework.
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Have
Have is used when we want to give
someone the responsbility to do something.
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Pattern
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have
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agent
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verb
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Example:
My English teacher has me do the
homework in a week.
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explanation:
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have/has
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agent
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verb
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My English teacher
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has
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me
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do
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the home work in a week.
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Get
Get is used when we want to convince to
do something or to trick someone into doing something.
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Pattern
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get
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agent
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to
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verb
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Example:
My friends get me to take the test.
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explanation:
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get
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agent
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to
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verb
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My friends
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get
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me
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to
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take
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the quiz.
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Get vs. Have
Sometimes "get someone to do
something" is interchangeable with "have someone do something,"
but these expressions do not mean exactly the same thing.
Examples:
Examples:
My friends get me to take the test.
It can be meant that I am actually
not encouraged to take the test, but my friends convince me to take that.
My friends have me take the test.
It means that my friends ask me to
take the quiz.
B. Passive Causative
There are two verbs generally used in
the passive causative form; they are Have and Get. In addition, there is
usually no agent in this form; it's not like in active form which has the
agent. The action verb is in the past participle, and the object comes before
it. The difference between have and get in this passive causative form
is the same like in active causative form explained aboved.
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Pattern
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Subject
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Have/Get
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Object
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Past Participle
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Examples:
- I ask someone to fix my car.
= I have my car fixed. - She asked John to wash the
plate.
= She got the plate washed.
Exception
But, if the verb get followed
by personal nouns, past participle can't be used in it. Instead, we must
use to infinitive. So it will become just like in active causative form.
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Pattern
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Subject
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Get
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Object (personal noun)
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to
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verb
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·
I
get the house painted
·
I
get John to paint the house.
In addition, modal auxiliary verbs may be used with the
causative sentence structure. Most often, modals express a suggestion by the
speaker, such as: - You should have your hair cut.
- He should get his decision changed
- She will have the food cooked.
Need & Want
Need and want may be used in passive causative
sentences. In some cases, the passive causative verb (had/got) may be dropped
altogether.??
- I need/want to have my hair cut.
- I need/want my hair cut.
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