Selasa, 30 Mei 2017
1.
Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier
Subject
Subject is about what or who is spoken in a sentence or clause. The subject can be people, animals, objects, and abstract concepts.
Subject is about what or who is spoken in a sentence or clause. The subject can be people, animals, objects, and abstract concepts.
Each complete subject is basically constructed by
one or more nouns or pronouns with / without the addition of modifier (s) which
can be article (the, an, an), adjective, and prepositional phrase. The gerund
and infinitive can also occupy the subject position.
Example:
- His new car tax has already been paid by his assistant.
- Widhy and I were eating our dinner on the kitchen table.
- The very large gunadarma university in depok city was built in 1981.
Example:
- His new car tax has already been paid by his assistant.
- Widhy and I were eating our dinner on the kitchen table.
- The very large gunadarma university in depok city was built in 1981.
Simple Subject and
Simple Predicate
Simple subject is a single noun or pronoun, to the exclusion of its modifier (s). While simple predicate form of verb or compound verb single.
Example Sentence Simple Subject Simple Predicate Description
His new car tax has already been paid by his assistant.
(The new car tax he has paid for by his assistant.) Tax has been paid his new car = (pre) modifier
By his assistant = prepositional phrase
(The country's very large boarding university was built in 1981.) University was built the very big boarding = (pre) modifier;
In this country = (post) modifier;
In 1981 = prepositional phrase
Open the door!
(Open the door!) "You" open In the imperative sentence, the subject is not written because it is considered to be sufficiently understood;
Door = direct object
His Uncle Cal will not arrive on time.
(Uncle Cal will not arrive on time.) Uncle Cal will arrive his = possessive;
Not = adverb;
On time = prepositional phrase
There was a hounted house.
(There's a haunted house.) House was there = adverb;
Haunted = participle;
A = article
Running may be hard for overweight people.
(Running may be difficult for people who are overweight.) Running may be running = gerund;
Hard = adjective;
For overweight people = prepositional phrase
To travel is a bad idea.
(Traveling is a bad idea.) To travel is to travel = infinitive;
Is = linking verb;
A bad idea = subject complement
Verb
Verb (verb) is a word that serves to indicate the action of the subject, indicating the event or state. Verb is one of eight part of speech.
English verbs are not always simple (one word), but may be phrases combination with particle into phrasal verb (get in, make up, read over).
Kinds and Sample Verbs
Some kinds and examples of verbs are as follows.
Transitive and Intransitive: Transitive followed by direct object (eg sentence: The boy kicked the ball), while intransitive does not (example sentence: Cheryl often sneezes while cleaning).
Regular and Irregular: In the regular form, past tense and participle are obtained by adding suffix-ed to base form while on irregular, the way is more varied.
Action and Stative: Action (eat, play) states that something happens, whereas stative (love, need) states a condition that tends to remain.
Finite and Non-Finite: Finite is influenced by tense and subject-verb agreement, while non-finite is not.
Linking Verb: connect the subject of a sentence with its description (example sentence: She is young and beautiful).
Causative: Verb to indicate that the subject is not directly responsible for the action (eg: I had my house renovated last week).
COMPLEMENT
Usually a noun (noun) or noun phrase (noun phrase)
Usually present after the verb in the active sentence
Complement answer questions what (what) or who (whom)
example:
Kuntomo bought a cake yesterday
What did Kuntomo buy yesterday? -> a cake.
He saw Tony at the movie
Whom did he see at the movie? -> Tony
I explain pharmacology to my students
What do I explain to my students? -> pharmacology
MODIFIER
Modifier describes time (time), place (place), or manner (manner) of an action or deed
The most common form of modifier is the prepositional phrase (a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun
Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc ...
Modifier answers the question when (where), where (where), or how (how)
Example:
Nita bought a book at a book fair
Where did Nita buy a book? -> at a book fair
She is driving very fast
How is she driving? -> very fast
I posted my application yesterday
When do I post my application? -> yesterday
So, like this Subject, Verb, Complement and Modifier elements in sentence example:
We studied grammar last week.
S V C M
Question:
George cooks dinner
Henry and Marcia have visited the president
We had lunch at this restaurant today
Pat had to buy gasoline yesterday
Trees grow
It was raining at seven this morning
He opened the book
Harry washes the dishes now
He opened the book
Paul, William, and Marry were watching television a few minutes ago.
Answer:
George / is cooking / dinner / night
(Subject) (verb phrase) (complementary) (time changer)
Henry and Marcia / have visited / president
(Subject) (verb phrase) (complementary)
We / ate / lunch / at this restaurant / day
(Dependent) (verb phrase) (complementary) (place modifier) (pen)
Simple subject is a single noun or pronoun, to the exclusion of its modifier (s). While simple predicate form of verb or compound verb single.
Example Sentence Simple Subject Simple Predicate Description
His new car tax has already been paid by his assistant.
(The new car tax he has paid for by his assistant.) Tax has been paid his new car = (pre) modifier
By his assistant = prepositional phrase
(The country's very large boarding university was built in 1981.) University was built the very big boarding = (pre) modifier;
In this country = (post) modifier;
In 1981 = prepositional phrase
Open the door!
(Open the door!) "You" open In the imperative sentence, the subject is not written because it is considered to be sufficiently understood;
Door = direct object
His Uncle Cal will not arrive on time.
(Uncle Cal will not arrive on time.) Uncle Cal will arrive his = possessive;
Not = adverb;
On time = prepositional phrase
There was a hounted house.
(There's a haunted house.) House was there = adverb;
Haunted = participle;
A = article
Running may be hard for overweight people.
(Running may be difficult for people who are overweight.) Running may be running = gerund;
Hard = adjective;
For overweight people = prepositional phrase
To travel is a bad idea.
(Traveling is a bad idea.) To travel is to travel = infinitive;
Is = linking verb;
A bad idea = subject complement
Verb
Verb (verb) is a word that serves to indicate the action of the subject, indicating the event or state. Verb is one of eight part of speech.
English verbs are not always simple (one word), but may be phrases combination with particle into phrasal verb (get in, make up, read over).
Kinds and Sample Verbs
Some kinds and examples of verbs are as follows.
Transitive and Intransitive: Transitive followed by direct object (eg sentence: The boy kicked the ball), while intransitive does not (example sentence: Cheryl often sneezes while cleaning).
Regular and Irregular: In the regular form, past tense and participle are obtained by adding suffix-ed to base form while on irregular, the way is more varied.
Action and Stative: Action (eat, play) states that something happens, whereas stative (love, need) states a condition that tends to remain.
Finite and Non-Finite: Finite is influenced by tense and subject-verb agreement, while non-finite is not.
Linking Verb: connect the subject of a sentence with its description (example sentence: She is young and beautiful).
Causative: Verb to indicate that the subject is not directly responsible for the action (eg: I had my house renovated last week).
COMPLEMENT
Usually a noun (noun) or noun phrase (noun phrase)
Usually present after the verb in the active sentence
Complement answer questions what (what) or who (whom)
example:
Kuntomo bought a cake yesterday
What did Kuntomo buy yesterday? -> a cake.
He saw Tony at the movie
Whom did he see at the movie? -> Tony
I explain pharmacology to my students
What do I explain to my students? -> pharmacology
MODIFIER
Modifier describes time (time), place (place), or manner (manner) of an action or deed
The most common form of modifier is the prepositional phrase (a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun
Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc ...
Modifier answers the question when (where), where (where), or how (how)
Example:
Nita bought a book at a book fair
Where did Nita buy a book? -> at a book fair
She is driving very fast
How is she driving? -> very fast
I posted my application yesterday
When do I post my application? -> yesterday
So, like this Subject, Verb, Complement and Modifier elements in sentence example:
We studied grammar last week.
S V C M
Question:
George cooks dinner
Henry and Marcia have visited the president
We had lunch at this restaurant today
Pat had to buy gasoline yesterday
Trees grow
It was raining at seven this morning
He opened the book
Harry washes the dishes now
He opened the book
Paul, William, and Marry were watching television a few minutes ago.
Answer:
George / is cooking / dinner / night
(Subject) (verb phrase) (complementary) (time changer)
Henry and Marcia / have visited / president
(Subject) (verb phrase) (complementary)
We / ate / lunch / at this restaurant / day
(Dependent) (verb phrase) (complementary) (place modifier) (pen)
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